I. Incamake

Nubuhanga bunoze bwo kubaka, tekinoroji yumye-ivanze ya firime ifite umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byubwubatsi, hamwe nimashini yumye ya firime yumye ikora nkibikoresho byingenzi byo gushyira mubikorwa iryo koranabuhanga. Mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu bikorwa remezo nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubwikorezi bwo mu mwobo, no kurinda ahantu hahanamye, isoko ry’imashini zikoresha imashini zumye zivanze zagiye ziyongera. Hamwe nihame ryihariye ryimikorere nigikorwa cyiza cyane, ibi bikoresho byongera cyane ubwubatsi, bikagira ireme ryumushinga, kandi bigatanga inkunga yizewe kubikorwa byo gutera ibiti mubikorwa bitandukanye bigoye.

II. Ni ubuhe buryo bwumye bwo kurasa?

Igikoresho cyumye-spray cyakozwe, mu magambo ahinnye nkigikorwa cyumye-spray, kirimo kuvanga kimwe ibikoresho byumye - nka sima hamwe na agregate - muburyo bwateganijwe. Ibi bikoresho bitangwa binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugemura kuri sprayer nozzle, aho bihita bivangwa n’amazi y’umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango bibe byoroshye. Ubwanyuma, umwuka ucuramye utera umuvuduko mwinshi kumuvuduko mwinshi hejuru yumurimo, aho ushyira kandi ugakomera.
Uburyo bwumye-spray bwerekana ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga: Icya mbere, kiranga igipimo gito cyamazi-sima. Kubera ko amazi nibikoresho byumye bivangwa kuri nozzle gusa, kongera amazi birashobora kugenzurwa neza, bikavamo imbaraga nyinshi, beto yuzuye nyuma yo gushiraho. Icya kabiri, itanga umuvuduko wihuse. Iyo uhujwe na moteri yihuta, beto igera ku mbaraga zambere mugihe gito, igafasha imikorere yihuse-ituma bikwiranye cyane nimishinga isaba gushimangirwa byihutirwa. Ugereranije no gutera ibiti bitose, gutera byumye bikuraho ibikenerwa mbere yo kuvanga beto. Imashini yumye ya firime yamashanyarazi iroroshye kandi igendanwa, hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwibikoresho bikenerwa. Ibi bituma biba byiza kubura amazi, kure, cyangwa kubaka ibidukikije. Nyamara, itanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere mugihe ikora, ikenera ingamba zikomeye zo gukingira ibidukikije ndetse nabakoresha.

III. Imashini itera spray yumye niyihe?

Imashini yumye ya shitingi yumye nigikoresho cyibanze cyubwubatsi cyagenewe gukora inzira yumye-ivanze. Ikoresha imashini cyangwa pneumatike itanga minisiteri yumye ivanze na nozzle, ikayihuza namazi yumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe numwuka uhumeka kugirango urangize ibikorwa byo gutera beto. Irakoreshwa cyane mugushigikira, gutondeka, no kubaka imbaraga mumishinga itandukanye yubuhanga.

IV. Gukoresha imashini isasu ni ubuhe?

Nibikorwa byabo byoroshye nibikorwa byizewe,imashini yumye ya firimezikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi bwa tunnel, ubwubatsi bwa gisivili, imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, no gusana byihutirwa. Porogaramu zihariye zirimo:
1. Nyuma yo gucukura umuyoboro, imashini isuka beto hejuru yurutare ruzengurutse kugirango ibe urwego rwambere rwo gushyigikira, bikabuza cyane guhindura amabuye. Nyuma yo gutangira inkunga yambere, irashobora kandi gukora urwego rwa kabiri rwo gutera kugirango irusheho kuzamura umurongo wa tunel muri rusange no kuramba. By'umwihariko bikwiranye n'umwanya ufunzwe nka tunel, itanga uburyo bwo kuyobora kandi ikanahuza na tunnel zingana zitandukanye.
2. Ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n'inkangu nk'imisozi ihanamye n'inkombe z'umuhanda, gutera beto bitera urwego rwo gushimangira kugirango umutekano uhamye. Mugihe cyo gucukura fondasiyo, imashini zumye-zivanze zumye zifasha inkuta zumwobo kugirango birinde gusenyuka. Irashimangira kandi imiterere yubusaza itera beto kubice kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro no kuramba.
3. Hydraulic Engineering: Byibanze bikoreshwa mugusana urugomero, gushimangira imiyoboro, no kumurongo. Ku ngomero zifite ibice cyangwa ibisohoka, gusana beto no gushimangira kunoza ubudahangarwa no kurwanya isuri. Mu gusana imiyoboro, imiyoboro y'amazi, hamwe nandi mazu ya hydraulic, imashini zumye-zivanze zumye zirangiza vuba ibikorwa byo gutera, bigatuma ibikorwa bisanzwe bikorwa. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwumurongo kugirango igabanye igihombo cyamazi mugihe cyo gutanga amazi.
4. Ku nyubako zasenyutse, imihanda, ibiraro, nizindi nyubako, imiti ivanze ya beto yumye itanga uburyo bwihuse bwo gukoresha imbaraga zigihe gito, bikarinda iyongera ry’ibiza. Nyuma y’ibiza by’umwuzure, ituma gutera beto byihuse gutera inkombe no gusana umuhanda, byihutisha kugarura ibikorwa remezo no kugerwaho.

V. Inyungu zingenzi & ibyiza byimashini zumuti zumye

Kwiyongera kwinshi kwumye-kuvanga beto kumashanyarazi mubice byinshi byubwubatsi biva mubyiza byabo byingenzi, byumwihariko:
1. Ubwubatsi Bwubaka Bwinshi:Kuma-kuvanga betoKugera ku gipimo cyihuse cyo gusaba, mubisanzwe bigera kuri metero kibe 5-20 mu isaha, byujuje ibyifuzo byimishinga minini, itita ku gihe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bivanaho gukenera kubanza kuvangwa na beto mbere yo kuvanga, kurenga kuvanga beto hamwe nintambwe zo gutwara kugirango bigabanye ukwezi kwubaka no kuzamura imikorere muri rusange. Kurugero, muburyo bwambere bwo gushyigikira kubaka, kumisha-kuvanga beto itera gukora ibikorwa bikomeza, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
2. Ibyiciro bitandukanye byimbaraga za sima nubwoko rusange (urugero, umucanga winzuzi, amabuye yajanjaguwe, umucanga wakozwe) urashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibikenewe mumushinga. Byongeye kandi, ibivanze nkibyihuta nigabanya amazi birashobora kongerwaho nkuko bisabwa kugirango turusheho kunoza imikorere ifatika, bigatuma bikwiranye nibikorwa bitandukanye.
3. Guhuza Ibidukikije Bikomeye: Imashini zitera amashoti yumye yerekana imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibidukikije bikaze, bikomeza imikorere ihamye mu bihe bigoye nko ku butumburuke buke, ubushyuhe buke, ahantu humye, n’umukungugu mwinshi. Kurugero, mugihe cyo kubaka umuhanda wa tunnel mukarere k’ubutumburuke, ibikoresho birashobora gutangira no gukora mubisanzwe bitatewe n’umuvuduko muke w’ikirere cyangwa ibidukikije bya ogisijeni nkeya. Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe buke, iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe na anti-freeze, biracyakomeza kwemeza ubuziranenge bwo gutera no gushiraho imbaraga, bigatuma bikwiranye nubwubatsi mu turere twa kure ndetse n’ibidukikije bigoye.
4. Kubwubatsi ahantu hafunzwe nka tunel na shitingi, ibikoresho birashobora guhindura imikorere yabyo kugirango habeho gukwirakwizwa neza nta hantu hafite impumyi. Byongeye kandi, moderi zimwe zigendanwa zishyigikira ibinyabiziga byashizwe hejuru cyangwa bikururwa, bigatuma bikwiranye nimishinga ifite aho ikorera itatanye hamwe nibikorwa byinshi.
5. Ibiciro-Gukoresha neza no Kugenzura Amafaranga: Uburyo bwo kuvanga bwumye bugenzura neza igipimo cyamazi-sima nikoreshwa ryibikoresho, kugabanya imyanda ya beto no gukoresha cyane ibikoresho. Ibikoresho byoroheje byubaka nibikoresho bisimburana byorohereza kubungabunga byoroshye hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kubungabunga. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyacyo gike cyane ntigisaba abashoramari bafite ubuhanga buhanitse, kugabanya amafaranga yumurimo no gutanga inyungu rusange mubukungu.
6. Ingaruka zumuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga mwinshi, beto ya shitingi ifatana cyane kumurimo ukora. Igice cya beto cyavuyeho kigaragaza imbaraga zingana hamwe nigitare gikikijwe cyangwa urwego shingiro, guhuza neza, no kwimura imitwaro neza. Ibi byongera ituze no kwizerwa byinkunga cyangwa umurongo. Byongeye kandi, igipimo gito cyamazi-sima gitanga imbaraga zo gukomeretsa no kurwanya amazi kuri beto, bityo bikongerera igihe cyimirimo yimiterere.

VI. Ubwoko bwaimashini yumye ya firime

Ikigereranyo	Ubwoko bwihariye	Ibyingenzi	Gusaba
Ubwoko bw'imbaraga	Moteri y'amashanyarazi	Igiciro gito cyo gukora, gukora byoroshye, gutangira byoroshye no guhagarara, byoroshye kugenzura; imiterere yoroheje, ingano nto, yorohereza gukora mumwanya muto; nta myuka ihumanya ikirere, yangiza ibidukikije.	Ikoreshwa cyane mu birombe, tunel, umuyoboro, metero, imishinga y'amashanyarazi, nibindi.
	Moteri ya pneumatike	Nta mashanyarazi asabwa, abereye ahakorerwa imirimo idafite amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi atorohewe; imiterere yoroshye kandi yizewe, ntabwo yangiritse byoroshye.	Birakwiye kubikorwa bito nko kubaka pisine, kubaka umuyoboro, no guhagarara neza, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mukarere ka kure.
	Moteri ya Diesel	Imbaraga zikomeye zisohoka, zishobora kuzuza ingufu-nyinshi zisabwa ibikoresho binini; umuvuduko mwinshi, nta kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi ahamye, birashobora kwimurwa byoroshye kubikorwa bitandukanye.	Birakwiye kubikorwa byo hanze nka tunel nini, kurinda ahahanamye, imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, hamwe nibice bidahagije cyangwa bidafite amashanyarazi.
Kubushobozi bwumusaruro (Ibisohoka)	3-5m3 / h	Ingano ntoya, ingano yoroheje, imikorere yoroshye.	Imishinga mito mito, ibikorwa byo kubungabunga buri munsi.
	5-10m3 / h	Ubushobozi buke bwo gukora, bukwiranye nibisanzwe bikenerwa mubuhanga.	Imishinga rusange yubwubatsi, kubaka umuhanda wa tunnel.
	> 10m3 / h	Ingano nini isohoka, imbaraga zihoraho zikora, ubushobozi-buremereye.	Imishinga minini, kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye.

VII. Imashini yumye ya spray yamashanyarazi

Ibice byabigenewe kumashini yumuti wumye ni ngombwa kugirango ukore neza kandi wongere ibikoresho igihe cyose. Ibice by'ibanze byingenzi birimo ibyiciro bikurikira, hamwe nuburyo bukenewe bwo kubungabunga siyanse:
1. Nozzles: Nkibikoresho bya terefone yo gutera inshinge za beto, nozzles ihita ihura na beto yihuta cyane hamwe na hamwe, bigatuma iba kimwe mubice byihuta cyane mubikoresho. Mubisanzwe bikozwe mu mavuta adashobora kwangirika cyangwa polyurethane, imiterere yabyo igira ingaruka itaziguye ivanze neza hamwe no gutera spray. Kwambara, guhindura, cyangwa kuzibira muri nozzles bigutera gutera gutera hamwe no kugabanya umuvuduko, bikangiza ubwubatsi. Kubwibyo, nozzles nibyingenzi byingenzi. Birasabwa guhunika ingano ihagije ukurikije ubwubatsi, mubisanzwe gusimbuza nozzles metero kibe 500-1000 ya beto yatewe.
2. Ibi bitera kumeneka no gutakaza umuvuduko mugihe cyo gutwara. Imyenda idashobora kwambara ikozwe muburyo bwa reberi irwanya abrasion cyangwa polyurethane, hamwe no guhitamo ibikoresho bishingiye ku ntera yo gutambutsa hamwe nibintu bifatika. Buri gihe ugenzure imiyoboro idashobora kwambara kugirango yangiritse. Basimbuze vuba mugihe uburebure bwurukuta bugabanutseho hejuru ya 30% cyangwa gutemba bibaye kugirango wirinde kugabanuka kwogutanga.
3. Impeta zo gufunga: Byakoreshejwe cyane cyane aho bihurira nibikoresho (urugero, ibyiringiro byo kubika kugirango bigere kuri sisitemu, imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro, imiyoboro ikomatanya ikirere) kugirango ushireho umwuka hamwe nibintu bitemba. Impeta ya kashe isanzwe ikozwe muri reberi cyangwa silicone. Gukoresha igihe kirekire birashobora gutera gusaza, guhindura, cyangwa guturika, biganisha ku kunanirwa kashe. Kubwibyo, impeta zidodo nibice bisanzwe bisaba kugenzurwa no gusimburwa buri gihe. Mugihe cyo gufata neza ibikoresho, genzura neza imiterere yimpeta zose.
4. Intebe ya valve nintebe yihanganira ingaruka ndende ziva kumuyaga mwinshi kandi kwambara biturutse kumwanda, bigatuma bikunda gukomera, kumeneka, nibindi bibazo bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya spray. Birasabwa gusukura buri gihe no gusiga amavuta yo mu kirere birasabwa, hamwe no kugenzura intangiriro ya valve no kwambara. Simbuza ako kanya mugihe habaye amakosa.
5. Akayunguruzo Mugaragaza: Yashyizwe kumurongo wibiryo byububiko, irayungurura ibice binini kandi bigahita biva mumashanyarazi avanze yumye kugirango birinde gufunga sisitemu yo gutanga nozzles. Gukoresha igihe kirekire bituma ecran iba yuzuye umwanda, bikagabanya igipimo cyibiryo. Bisaba gusenya buri gihe no gukora isuku. Niba ecran yangiritse, iyisimbuze bidatinze kugirango wirinde umwanda kwinjira mubikoresho no gutera imikorere mibi.

VIII. Kuma shoti yumye igiciro cyimashini

Igiciro cyimashini zumuti zumye zatewe nibintu byinshi, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo butandukanye. Imashini itera imashini nubushobozi bwo gusohora nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro. Imashini yumye-ivanze ya beto itera, irangwa nubunini buke nibisohoka bike (munsi ya metero 5 kubisaha), birashoboka cyane. Ibinyuranye, imashini nini yumye ya shitingi yo gutera imashini igaragaramo umusaruro mwinshi (metero zirenga 10 kubisaha) hamwe nuburyo bugoye, bikavamo ibiciro byinshi. Kurugero, imashini zacu zumye zumye zisanzwe zitera amadolari 3000 kugeza 7,000 USD, mugihe moderi nini zishobora kugura hagati y $ 8,000 na 28.000 USD.

IX. Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa (FAQs) kubyerekeye imashini ziteye zumye

Hano haribibazo bisanzwe abakoresha bahura nabyo muguhitamo no gukoraimashini yumye ya firime, hamwe n'ibisubizo birambuye:
1. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kuvanga-kuvanga no kuvanga beto imashini zitera gutera? Igisubizo: Itandukaniro ryibanze riri muburyo bwo gutegura ibikoresho nuburyo bwo gutanga. Imashini zumye-zumye imashini zitwara minisiteri yumye, ivanze namazi kuri nozzle; imashini itose-ivanze imashini itanga mbere-ivanze ya beto yo gutera. Kubyerekeranye nimikorere, imashini yumye-ivanze ya firime irahuzagurika, igendanwa cyane, kandi ihendutse, bigatuma ibera ahantu hafunzwe no mumishinga mito-mito. Nyamara, zitanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi irashobora kwerekana ubuziranenge buke buke. Imashini ivanze neza ya mashini iranga imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ireme rya beto ihamye, hamwe nimbaraga zisumba izindi, bigatuma biba byiza mumishinga minini, isanzwe. Nyamara, ni byinshi, bihenze cyane, kandi bisaba kugenzura neza ibirimo ubuhehere.
2.Ni gute umuntu ashobora guhitamo imashini yumye ya firime yumye kugirango yubake umuyoboro? Igisubizo: Mugihe uhisemo icyuma-kivanze cyumye kugirango wubake umuyoboro, tekereza kumurongo wambukiranya ibice, gahunda yubwubatsi, hamwe nakazi gahari. Kuri tunel nto (agace kambukiranya ibice <10 m²), imashini yumye-ivanze imashini ivanze na maneuverability ikwiranye nu mwanya ufunzwe. Kumurongo uciriritse (10-20 m² agace kambukiranya igice), harasabwa imashini ziciriritse zumye-zivanze za shitingi, zitanga umusaruro uciriritse (5-10 m³ / h) kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byubaka. Kuri tunel nini (agace kambukiranya igice> 20 m²) cyangwa imishinga ifite igihe ntarengwa, imashini nini yumye-ivanze ya shitingi ifite umusaruro mwinshi (≥10 m³ / h) igomba guhitamo. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara ni ngombwa kugirango duhangane n’ibidukikije bikabije.
3. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gufata neza imashini zitera imashini zumye? Igisubizo: Inzira yo gufata neza ishyirwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi, buri gihe, na buri mwaka. Gufata neza buri munsi (mbere ya / nyuma ya buri munsi wakazi): Isuku yububiko bwibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho byizerwa; kugenzura nozzle no kugaburira imyenda ya hose; reba ubudahangarwa bwa kashe kuri connexion zose; koresha amavuta. Kubungabunga Ibihe (buri masaha 50 yo gukora): Gukora igenzura ryuzuye kumashanyarazi no kugaburira ikirere; muyunguruzi; kugenzura sisitemu ya hydraulic (niba bishoboka) kumuvuduko wamavuta no kumeneka; gusimbuza amajwi yambarwa cyane hamwe na kashe. Kubungabunga buri mwaka (buri masaha 1000 yo gukora cyangwa buri mwaka): Kuraho ibice byingenzi (urugero, gutanga sisitemu, sisitemu yo kugenzura) kugirango bivugurure byuzuye; gusimbuza amavuta ya hydraulic ashaje, amavuta, na kashe; kora ibikoresho byuzuye kugirango ubone imikorere yujuje ibyashizweho.



4. Niki gitera gutera kuringanizaimashini yumye ya firime? Nigute wabikemura? Igisubizo: Impamvu zibanze zirimo: mix Kuvanga ibipimo bya minisiteri yumye cyangwa guhuzagurika; Rate Igipimo cyibiryo bidahungabana; Water Amazi adahagije cyangwa ataringaniye; Guhindura umuvuduko wa spray; Wear Kwambara nozzle bikabije. Ibisubizo: ① Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri yumye kugirango umenye ibipimo bivanze. Gabanya ibice mbere yo gukoresha; shyiramo ibikoresho bivanga mububiko bwibubiko nibiba ngombwa; Kugenzura sisitemu yo kugaburira (urugero, screw auger, igikoresho cyo gutanga pneumatike) hanyuma uhindure igipimo cyo kugaburira kugirango ugaburire kimwe; ③ Reba uburyo bwo gutanga amazi hanyuma uhindure imigezi y'amazi kugirango ugumane igipimo gikwiye cyamazi. Shyiramo valve igenzura kuri nozzle kugirango igenzure neza amazi; Kugenzura imikorere ya compressor yo mu kirere kugirango ikore neza. Gusana cyangwa gusimbuza compressor bidatinze niba igitutu kidahagije; Kugenzura nozzle kugirango wambare hanyuma uyisimbuze ako kanya niba yambaye cyane.
5.Ni ubuhe burebure buri hejuru ya spray nuburebure bwimashini zumye zumye? Igisubizo: Uburebure bwa spray nuburebure biterwa nubwoko bwibikoresho, umuvuduko wa spray, nuburebure bwa hose. Kwimura byumye-kuvanga imiti isanzwe igera kuri metero 5-8 z'uburebure na metero 8-12 ntarengwa. Imashini ya pneumatike yumye-spray igera kuri metero 10-15 z'uburebure na metero 12-18; Imashini nini yumye-spray igera kuri metero 15-20 z'uburebure na metero 18-25. Kugirango wongere uburebure bwa spray cyangwa intera, ongera ibiryo bya hose uburebure (mugihe ubara igihombo cyumuvuduko, mubisanzwe utarenze metero 50) cyangwa ukoreshe compressor yumuyaga mwinshi kugirango uzamure umuvuduko wa spray. Byongeye kandi, gutera uburebure hamwe nintera biterwa na beto ya slurry ivanze nigitemba, bisaba ko hahindurwa neza igipimo cyamazi-sima hamwe na dosiye.
6. Ese imashini yumye ya firime yumye iroroshye gukora? Abakoresha bakeneye amahugurwa? Igisubizo: Igikorwa cyibanze cya spray-yumye iroroshye cyane, cyane cyane harimo gutangiza ibikoresho, guhindura igipimo cyibiryo, kugenzura amazi, no kugenzura igitutu. Ariko, kugera kubikorwa byuzuye no kwemeza ubwubatsi bisaba amahugurwa yumwuga kubakoresha. Amahugurwa agomba kuba akubiyemo: amahame yimikorere yibikoresho, imikorere yibanze yibikorwa, inzira zikorwa, uburyo bwo guhindura ibipimo, kubungabunga buri munsi, kwirinda umutekano, hamwe ningamba zo gutabara byihutirwa. Abakora badahuguwe barashobora gutera imikorere mibi yibikoresho, ubuziranenge bwa spray butujuje ubuziranenge, cyangwa nibibazo byumutekano (urugero, uburozi bwumukungugu, ibikomere biterwa nibikoresho) kubera gufata nabi. Kubwibyo, abashoramari bagomba guhugurwa kumyuga no kubona ibyemezo mbere yo gutangira akazi.